Track II Diplomacy

Track II diplomacy involves non-official dialogues and problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships and encouraging new thinking to resolve conflicts. Conducted by non-state actors, such as academics, think tanks, and NGOs, Track II processes complement official (Track I) diplomatic efforts by providing innovative approaches to contentious issues. This type of diplomacy is valuable as it operates free from official constraints, often paving the way for solving deeply-entrenched disputes through unofficial means and facilitating eventually formal negotiations.